The Mother Image: myths, misrepresentations and censure.

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The visual image as catalyst for social change?

 

Last week, I attended the incredible event that is the annual Birthlight ‘Womb to World’ conference, along with some Midwife friends of mine.  It was a brilliant day, and a gathering of incredibly passionate and inspiring women.  I love these events, where women come together, and discuss, debate, and support one another… The enthusiasm and energy drives me to go on working hard and adds to my conviction that all kinds of positive change are possible, and indeed inevitable.

The theme of the conference ‘Maternal images and representations; before, during and after birth,’ covered a broad expanse of speakers and topics, each presenting and exploring motherhood and birth in innovative ways.

The rare fusion of different disciplines: anthropology, physiology alternative medicine, psychology, art, popular culture, is what makes Birthlight conferences so particular and unique. Such a synthesis speaks of a whole woman, the complex and special nature of motherhood: exploring the many threads, the many fibres that both differentiate and unite us. 

The focus on the visual image, in this particular conference, was important. Visual images hold the possibility to evoke something acutely embedded in our sub-conscious: something that goes beyond the limitations of language and the spoken world. Something that when unearthed, can lead to extraordinary revelations.

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The Image, as its etymology suggests, is deeply woven with the imagination. In this way The Image represents creative opportunities, to explore, re-discover and re-define aspects of our modern realities.

Visual images represent, at once, that which we are, that which we have come to be, and that which we long for in our postmodern experience.   

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Cross-cultural reflections and comparisons, in particular, can challenge our understandings of birth. Psychologist Antonella Sansone presented us with stunning images of motherhood amongst the Himba women of northern Namibia. These images of ‘integrated’, ‘connected’ and ‘shared’ motherhood can provoke primal urges, leading us to important questions: how connected is our society to motherhood? Do young women have an opportunity to practice motherhood? What does this mean for how we visualise, how we see, ourselves as mothers?

Bringing together academics and artists, we explored many strands of popular representations of Motherhood. Where are the mothers in popular TV? Who are those mothers and what do they represent? And indeed why does such an important aspect our experience as humans - as women - continue to escape public view?

Rebecca Feasley’s analysis of the representation of motherhood in popular media was particularly revelatory and charismatic. Inviting us to reflect on what has been the effect of the ‘idealised’ or ‘perfect’ mother portrayed to us in the media. We explored the extent to which the ‘motherhood myth’ has profoundly altered, and wounded, our understanding of ourselves as women and as mothers.

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 Artist Hermione Wiltshire equally showcased a fantastic array of images from modern art. Here we reflected on how women, across the ages, have attempted to express their lived realities through the medium of the visual arts. What is still silenced in our experience of motherhood and birth? And how can we make these experiences felt, understood and heard through the various mediums of the visual arts?

These events are imperative in evoking reflection and debate, for us both as birth workers and as women.

Creative, historical, cross-cultural, images of motherhood and birth evoke something profound: they are a visible call to arms, a reminder that in visualising birth we need to start speaking of something more special and more sacred. Something that is deeply embedded in our consciousness as women, and that when unearthed, and acted upon could lead to something extraordinary, unparalleled, and dare I say it – revolutionary. “

You can read more about Birthlight and the Womb-to-world conference here

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What’s the Science behind Hypnobirthing?

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3 Simple Scientific Facts

During a long weekend away in Toulouse recently, I encountered a little…erm… scepticism about Hypnobirthing from some of the men-folk! (The phrase ‘Hypno-bullsh*t’ may have been thrown around once or twice!)

For starters, the name ‘Hypno’ gets some people going at the offset, as it conjures up all kinds of images of tie-die and whale sounds and airy-fairy la-la-land stuff like that.

However, when you explain that much of Hypnobirthing is actually rooted in solid science, the subject appears to become more palatable…. (particularly, but not exclusively, to those who have Y chromosomes!)

So for the cynics, or potential cynics, amongst you…here are some of the rational facts that might convince you little Einsteins that it’s not all Ommmm sounds and ‘energy’ talk down at Hypnobirthing school….

  1. Biology/Physiology

    Firstly, Hypnobirthing starts from a biological understanding of the anatomy and physiological processes involved in birth.  

    We look at the anatomy of the Uterus, and how the various uterine muscles work together, to facilitate the mechanics of birth.

    We then teach various breathing exercises and relaxation techniques that facilitate theses muscles to work efficiently and comfortably. (BREATHING and RELAXATION?! I can hear alarm bells ringing! but wait.…there’s more science to come!)  

  2. Neuroscience

    The focus on relaxation is based around a well-researched understanding of the Autonomic nervous system.

    The Autonomic nervous system is composed of 2 parts:

    i) The Sympathetic nervous system

    ii) The Parasympathetic nervous system.

    When the body encounters a stressful situation, this information is perceived by a part of the brain called the ‘Amygdala,’ which then sends a stress signal to the Hypothalamus.

    The Hypothalamus is the ‘control centre’ of the brain; it disseminates this stress signal to the rest of the body through the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).  The particular branch of the ANS that is activated during the fear or stress response, is the Sympathetic Nervous System, which prompts the Adrenal glands to release the hormone Adrenaline into the bloodstream.  You’ll probably all be familiar with this process as it is commonly referred to - as the “fight or flight response.”

    The release of adrenaline also leads to a series of physiological changes that you will have all experienced at some point: our hearts beat faster, muscles tense, breathing quickens, and our senses sharpen.

    There is also a second mechanism that kicks in (after the initial release of adrenaline diminishes - if the brain still perceives something as dangerous), known as the HPA, which leads to the release of cortisol, another powerful horomone.  You can read about this all in much greater detail here.

    Indeed, this is a pretty hefty topic, but the essence of our understanding here is that the hormones released during the stress response, specifically adrenaline, are not conducive to the physiological processes needed for a smooth and comfortable birth (I will talk more about this in section 3)

    Cumulative low-level stress over a long period of time can actually lead to long term physiological and psychological harm, such as anxiety and depression - but that's another story for another day.

    SO how do we counter the stress response? RELAX!! If we can train the brain to relax around certain events during pregnancy and childbirth, we can reduce the fear/stress response and activate instead the second part of the ANS which is called the PARAsympathetic nervous system or the calm response.

    Therefore the Hypnobirthing scripts which you practise as part of a hypnobirthing programme, are not, in fact, pseudo-spiritual brain-washing that's going to make you or your other half want to grow dreadlocks and join a commune. They are simply a series of relaxation exercises which train your brain to think about your birth positively and calmly, and thus keep the stress response at bay. Et Voila!

    Medics such as Dr Herbert Benson (and yes he’s a real Doctor, like actually a professor of medicine) at the Harvard Health school have already made headway into a deeper understanding of how we can elicit the ‘relaxation response,’ as an antidote to the stress response.  Such approaches include breathing techniques, focussing on certain calming words or language, and visualisation of tranquil scenes. Funnily enough - all of which feature in Hypnobirthing practise! 

    You can read more about this work here.

    “The relaxation response is a physical state of deep rest that changes the physical and emotional responses to stress... and the opposite of the fight or flight response"

     

  3.  And more Endocrinology

    What is key about the relaxed response, or when the PARAsympathetic nervous system is in operation, is that a number of other hormones and natural opiates, which are incredibly useful for birth, are also freely released:

    These amazing and wonderful little molecules are:

    Oxytocin - the lurv horomone.  It’s what makes us all loved up when we get sexy, but it’s also the absolute MOTHER of the birth hormones.  Oxytocin is what makes our uterus’s contract (or ‘surge’ as some hypnobirthers like to call it), as discussed in section 1 above.  It is also the hormone which promotes breastfeeding and bonding once the baby is born.

    Endorphins - literally endogenous morphine - the body’s own, magnificent natural pain killer, said to be several times stronger than the synthetic morphine you might be prescribed by your doctor. This is what makes natural birth more comfortable; when the body is operating in the calm response it is able to freely emit this magic opiod stuff.

    In brief, the hormones produced during the relaxed response are absolutely FUNDAMENTAL to a calm, natural and comfortable birth as they make the mechanisms of birth more functional and more efficient.

    SO we know which part of the ANS we’d prefer to be operating in during birth now don’t we? Exactly….  

    Conversely, Oxytocin and Endorphins are not freely emitted when the Sympathetic Nervous system is in operation, which takes us nicely full circle back to point 2 above,  why the stress response is not helpful during birth.  Oxytocin is often referred to as the ‘shy hormone’ as it comes out to play only when we are in a safe, quiet, place.  (Think about the environment you’re most likely to be in to make love, and then apply the same principles to birth).  You can read the main man Michel Odent for more info on this one!

    So there we have it, just some of the science behind why hypnobirthing works. If you are preparing yourselves for a calm, comfortable and smooth labour then the science seems to say that this would be a good start!

    There is obviously much more to Hypnobirthing than simply this, and what I’ve given here is only a brief outline of the physiology of birth and the neuroscience and hormones involved...but I hope that for now I’ve gone at least part of the way in convincing some of you that it’s not all hippy-dippy Hypno-Bullsh*t!

The Birth Queen!

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